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«Наука через призму времени»
Декабрь, 2018 / Международный научный журнал
«Наука через призму времени» №12 (21) 2018
Автор: Васильчикова Анна Владимировна, студент
Рубрика: Экономические науки
Название статьи: Non-profit organization as a category of political science
Дата публикации: 20.11.2018
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION AS A CATEGORY OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE
A. V. Vasilchikova
student 4 years eg.
"Economy"
Klishina Y.E., candidate of Economic Sciences,
Associate
Professor of the Department of Finance, Credit and Insurance
State
Agrarian University
Annotation. The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological study of
non-profit organizations. The author proposes to distinguish between the
concepts of "non-governmental organization" and "non-profit
organization" (NPO). The article outlines the main distinguishing features
of NGOs. Much attention is paid to the typology of organizations. The author
gave an exhaustive scientific analysis of the forms of activity of NGOs.
Keywords: non-governmental organization,
non-profit organization, non-governmental organization, civil society, national
(public) diplomacy.
НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКАЯ
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ КАК КАТЕГОРИЯ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ
Васильчикова Анна Владимировна
студент 4 курса учетно-финансового факультета
Научный руководитель: Капустина Е. И.
к.э.н., доцент кафедры «Экономической безопасности,
статистики и эконометрики»
ФГБОУ ВО «Ставропольский
государственный аграрный университет», г. Ставрополь
Аннотация. Статья
посвящена теоретико-методологическому изучению деятельности некоммерческих
организаций. Автор предлагает провести различие между понятиями
"общественная организация" и "некоммерческая организация"
(НКО). В статье обозначены основные отличительные черты НПО. Большое внимание
уделяется типологии организаций. Автор дал исчерпывающий научный анализ форм
деятельности общественных организаций.
Ключевые слова: неправительственная организация, некоммерческая организация,
неправительственная организация, Гражданское общество, Национальная
(общественная) дипломатия.
One of the priorities of the Concept of the long-term socio-economic
development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, approved by an
order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008, is the
development of civil society. In the modern world, non-profit organizations (NPOs) are considered as the organizational basis of civil
society.
The study of non-profit organizations today attracts the attention of
political scientists, sociologists, economists, philosophers and other
scientists. The importance of studying non-profit organizations in Russia is
due to the role they play in society. The third (non-profit) sector is called
upon to tackle a number of vital tasks for the real support of millions of
people and the implementation of many socially useful initiatives and projects.
Voluntary associations of citizens replaced Russia, which are under the
directive care of state bodies, mostly politicized and ideologized
Soviet public organizations. Out of 221073 registered NPOs
for 2013, 192956 organizations could be attributed to the “third sector” (this
number did not include political parties, state corporations, state-public
associations, associations of peasant farms, economic development associations,
horticultural, gardening, dacha and other partnerships, councils of
municipalities, HOA, CCI, notarial chambers,
institutions). The number of people employed in the “third sector” was 1.1% of
the economically active population [10]. For comparison: in the countries of
Western Europe, up to 10% of the economically active population is involved in
the activities of the third sector [2, p. five].
In November 2012, the “law on foreign agents” came into force in Russia.
“Foreign agents” are recognized NPOs that receive
property (including cash) from foreign sources and are engaged in political
activities in the territory of the Russian Federation. To date, the Perm-36
Museum of Political Repression, the Memorial Human Rights Center, the Agora
Human Rights Organization, the Golos Association, the
Committee of Soldiers' Mothers, etc. have been listed as NGOs acting as “foreign
agents”.
NGOs also participate in international affairs. They operate in the
following areas:
- collect, process and disseminate information on international issues requiring public attention;
- initiate specific approaches to their solution and encourage governments to conclude relevant agreements;
- monitor the activities of governments and intergovernmental structures in various spheres of international life, the fulfillment of obligations by states;
- participate in international and regional expert-political forums and dialogues on topical issues;
- form a positive image of their country abroad, promote its values and lifestyle;
- create non-state channels of support for opposition political forces in another country.
It seems to us that the following mechanisms of the influence of NPOs on the internal and foreign policy of the state can be
singled out. First, participate in the discussion of bills. Secondly,
participation in the activities of various kinds of public advisory councils at
ministries, the involvement of representatives of NGOs in the discussion of
issues of formation and implementation of government decisions. In other
words, NPOs have the opportunity, to a certain
extent, to influence the political decision-making process, to express their
opinions on issues of interest to them.
Depending on the type of ownership, organizations are divided into state
and non-state. State organizations are organizations that are owned by the
state and perform tasks, functions, and powers delegated by the state, whose
leaders are appointed or contracted by government bodies. A non-governmental
organization is a group of people that has united to achieve common goals,
conduct joint work and acts on the principles of self-government. The following
signs of non-governmental organizations can be distinguished:
- act on their own behalf, and not on behalf of and on behalf of the state;
- perform their own, corporate tasks and functions, rather than government (although they can contribute to the solution of state problems);
- do not have state authority;
- are not funded by the state, but are carried out through other sources;
- the property of the organization is in non-state (private) property [6, p. 145].
Thus, in Russia the term “non-governmental organizations”,
“non-commercial organizations” means only non-governmental non-commercial
organizations.
The following features inherent in NPOs can be
distinguished: 1) commercial profit is not set as the main goal of the
activity; 2) state bodies are not participants or founders of the organization;
3) the organization was created voluntarily at the initiative of the
participants (individuals and / or legal entities); 4) self-government is
implied on the basis of a jointly defined goal; 5) the organization does not
use and does not promote violent methods of activity, i.e. is not terrorist; 6)
the organization does not have the goal of achieving power.
International non-profit organizations, in addition to the above signs,
must also meet the following conditions:
a) have a consultative status with international intergovernmental
organizations (International Association "Knowledge", International
Public Organization "World Russian People's Council", International
Public Foundation "Russian Peace Foundation", PIR Center);
b) carry out activities in at least several
states.
Examples of such organizations are Doctors Without
Borders, Greenpeace, Amnesty International, Reporters Without Borders, Human
Rights Watch, etc. From domestic it is possible to cite the Federation of Peace
and Accord, the International Humanitarian Dimension Foundation.
Regional NGOs operate in a specific geographic region. For example, the
Institute of CIS Countries (Institute of Diaspora and Integration) has branches
in Yerevan (Armenia) and Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan).
Finally, national NGOs operate in one country. Examples include the
All-Russian public organizations “Russian Union of Industrialists and
Entrepreneurs” and “All-Russian Council of Local Self-Government”.
Thus, it is not entirely correct to use the terms “non-governmental
organization” and “non-profit organization” as synonyms. The concept of a
non-governmental organization is broader and includes the concept of non-profit
organizations.
List of literature:
- Andreeva O.S. Non-governmental organizations (definition of the concept, the essence) // Power. 2009. № 10.
- Report on the state of civil society in the Russian Federation in 2015. M., Public Chamber of the Russian Federation, 2015.
- The Ministry of Justice proposed to prescribe seven forms of political activity of NGOs. [Electronic resource] // Russian newspaper [site]. 01/22/2016. URL: http://www.rg.ru/2016/01/22/proekt-site.html (appeal date: 05/12/2016).
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