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«Наука через призму времени»
Июнь, 2018 / Международный научный журнал
«Наука через призму времени» №6 (15) 2018
Автор: Синявская Ксения Витальевна, студент
Рубрика: Экономические науки
Название статьи: Проблемы формирования местных бюджетов и возможные пути их решения
Дата публикации: 7.06.2018
УДК 336.2
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МЕСТНЫХ БЮДЖЕТОВ И ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ
ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ
Шитов Илья Сергеевич
старший
преподаватель
Синявская
Ксения Витальевна
студентка
Юнусова
Лилия Нурихановна
студентка
Уфимский филиал Финансового университета
при Правительстве Российской Федерации, г.Уфа
Аннотация. В статье приведены основные способы формирования бюджетов
муниципальных образований, с учётом статистических данных за последние годы.
Выделены основные направления решения проблем, связанных с формированием
местных бюджетов.
Ключевые
слова: муниципальные образования, местный
бюджет, формирование бюджета, налоговые доходы, неналоговые доходы,
межбюджетные трансферты, дефицит бюджета, проблемы оптимизации.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF LOCAL
BUDGETS AND POSSIBLE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION
Abstract. The article shows the main
ways of forming budgets of municipalities, taking into account statistical data
for recent years. The main directions of solving problems connected with the
formation of local budgets are singled out.
Keywords:
municipalities, local budget, budget formation, tax revenues, non-tax revenues,
interbudgetary transfers,
budget deficit, optimization problems.
Municipal finances play an important role in the
process of social and economic development of
The data of the last four years show that in 2012,
slightly more than half of the municipal associations of the
Taking into account the fact that for 2015 the share
of interbudgetary transfers (including subventions)
in the total revenue of local budgets is 63.4% or 2216.2 billion. rubles, one can judge the
insignificance of tax and non-tax revenues. Experts agree that local taxes are
not basic and initially can not cover all costs of municipalities [3, p. 73].
In the total volume of local budget revenues received
in 2015, tax and non-tax revenues amounted to 56.6% (1278.4 billion rubles),
intergovernmental transfers (excluding subventions) and other gratuitous
receipts to 43.4% (980.0 billion rubles). In the structure of own revenues of
local budgets in the whole of the
The growth of the revenue part of the budget due to
local taxes will be facilitated by the implementation of an integrated approach
of a number of measures:
1. Increased control over compliance with the
accounting of property and land. These include: land plots that are used
without permission; buildings and structures erected without the right to their
construction; various areas in which there is a discrepancy between the
declared and actual volumes; reconstructed, re-planned and changed its initial
design purpose. And the process of strengthening control is due to the
inventory and the process of registration of municipal property and land;
2. It is necessary to increase informing the
population about the taxation of real estate and to increase the interaction
between registering, inventory and tax authorities. The relevance and constant
synchronization with databases of registering, inventory and tax authorities is
mandatory when accounting for inventory data [4].
One way to increase the incomes of local budgets from
property is to revise the benefits that are granted to individuals when paying
land taxes and property taxes. And this optimization of the benefits system
should affect both local and federal and regional levels. Practice shows that the
installation of benefits at the federal level leads to a lack of income at the
local level.
Also, in the process of forming revenues of local
budgets, non-tax revenues play an immediate role (they account for about 10%).
Due to the use of the property of municipalities, more than half of all non-tax
revenues are formed. About 20% is spent on the realization of tangible and
intangible assets. And about 20% of the revenues from the
provision of paid services by government agencies [2, p. 102].
The complexity of the effective receipt of non-tax
revenues in local budgets is the uneven distribution of these revenues, as well
as the difficulties in their forecasts, since many sources of non-tax revenues
are single (income from the use of municipal property, sale of tangible and
intangible assets, administrative fees and charges, payment for damages, etc.).
Non-tax revenues represent only a part of the revenue
base of municipalities, but serve as an additional source of its formation and
enhancement of economic independence. Yield from the sale of municipal property
can be increased through the search for new unused landless real estate and
land, with further definition of them in municipal ownership and transfer to
use or ownership of natural or legal persons on the basis of the lease or sale
contract. Based on this, revaluation of existing rent rates in accordance with
the market situation will act as an additional source of revenue [5, p. 51].
Local budgets have enough internal reserves to form
their own budget. However, there are certain obstacles to the receipt of
revenues in the budget: they are the disinterest of officials of local
government, as this reduces intergovernmental transfers in the form of grants
that come from the federal budget.
In conclusion, it can be noted that the problems of
budgets of municipalities are related to both revenues and expenditures.
Expenditure is much higher than revenue, forming a budget deficit (already in
almost all regions of the country). The issue of economic independence of
municipal entities is on the first place, therefore, it is necessary to ensure
economic growth, strengthen the independence and balance of local budgets,
which together form the basis of the budget system of our country.
References:
Список литературы:
- Budget Code of the Russian Federation: text with amendments and additions for 2018. - Moscow: Eksmo, 2018. - 384 p.
- Chernyavsky A. Budgetary federalism and interbudgetary relations. М .: Yurist, 2016.
- Kurchenko L.F. Budgetary system of the Russian Federation: subfederal and local levels: Textbook. Moscow: Dashkov and K, 2015.
- Official site of the President of the Russian Federation. Budget message of the President of the Russian Federation on budget policy in 2013-2015 - [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/15786 (reference date is May 10, 2018).
- Petrova I.V. Budgetary law of the Russian Federation. Textbook for high schools. M .: Phoenix, 2017.
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